For steady state, multiphase, thermal-hydraulic calculations, INTEC generally uses Baker-Jardine's PIPESIM multiphase simulator; both single-line and network models, as appropriate. OLGA and/or PLAC is used for transient analyses, depending on the solution needs of the problem at hand. Specialized software for PVT (Pressure, Volume, Temperature) simulation, hydrate temperature prediction, and wax deposition modeling is available when needed.

Modeling methods used include:

• Fluids are modeled with black oil and/or compositional models, as appropriate and as detailed compositions are available. Where tuning data is available, tuned properties are used.
• Vertical and horizontal holdup and frictional pressure drop correlations consistent with the fluids being modeled, and with INTEC and client experience, are used.
• Insulation characteristics of downhole production tubing and subsea flowlines are realistically modeled. For wellbores, near-wellbore structure and a thermal conductivity correction to account for radial convection in annular fluids are included.
• Temperatures and pressures, both source and sink (separator) - as appropriate, are assessed over the entire range of credible operating conditions.
• Wellhead and/or separator inlet chokes are included in the system models where appropriate.